Consequences of black cormorant existence in forests of Vistula sandbar
Numerous (approx. 8 thousand nests) colony of black cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo Linneaus, 1758) and gray heron (Ardea cnerea L.) occurring on 102 hectares of forests on Vistula Sandbar causes a lot of damage and losses, among them: periodical changes of soil chemical properties, numerous occurrence of Phaenops cyanea, dying-back of forests, heavy weeds, expensive reforestation and tending of forest culture. Other threats resulting from tourist penetration are also significant, for instance forest fires. Generally it endangers forest sustainability as well as protective, recreational and rest function of region. In this connection the adequate protective activities and silviculture procedure were projected to minimize negative influence on forest management.
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