Seed orchards in Ukraine: past, present and prospects for the future

Autorzy

• Yuriy Hayda West Ukrainian National University, Lvivska 11, 46400 Ternopil, Ukraine, phone: +380 972 283 534, e-mail: haydshn@ua.fm
• Svitlana Los Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G.М,
  Kharkiv, Ukraine
• Roman Yatsyk Ukrainian Research Institute for Mountain Forestry after P.S. Pasternak,
  Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
• Larisa Tereshchenko Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G.М,
  Kharkiv, Ukraine
• Grygoriy Shlonchak Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G.М,
  Kharkiv, Ukraine
• Valentyna Mytrochenko Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G.М,
  Kharkiv, Ukraine
• Ihor Neyko Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G.М,
  Kharkiv, Ukraine
• Viacheslav Samodai Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G.М,
  Kharkiv, Ukraine
• Ludmila Smashnyuk Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G.М,
  Kharkiv, Ukraine
• Marcin Klisz Forest Research Institute, Department of Silviculture and Genetics of Forest Trees
  Sękocin Stary, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
• Vasyl Mohytych Forest Research Institute, Department of Silviculture and Genetics of Forest Trees,
  Sękocin Stary, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
  e-mail: V.Mohytych@ibles.waw.pl

Abstract

The seed orchards (SO) serve possibilities to collect seeds from the selected genotypes or to create artificial population throughout the controlled crossing of the target genotypes. Therefore, the seed material obtained from the clonal and seedling seed orchards offers unique opportunity to improve the genetic value of seeds. Thus, the seed orchards are considered as an important part of the forest seed base being the key object for both modern forestry and forestry research. This paper outlines the forest breeding activities associated with the seed production in the seed orchards in Ukraine over the last 70 years. During this period, the different aspects related to the establishment and management of the seed orchard were studied. In these processes, many failures had occurred, their causes and consequences were described. These main breeding activities were reported considering plain and mountain regions of Ukraine as well as specific aspects of the reproduction of the main forest tree species. As of 2019, the total area of the clonal seed orchards (CSO) reached 1040.3 ha, while seedling seed orchards (SSO) only 273.7 ha. The results of research on the growth, reproductive development, the morphology of the plus trees clones in the SO were generalized. The article on the current problems and challenges for Ukrainian forestry mainly related to forest tree breeding and there was also focus on forest seed industry. For the main forest trees species (Scots pine, English oak and other), targeted breeding programs should be developed. It is relevant to create the genetic bank of the forest seeds.

Keywords

• forest seed material
• Ukrainian forestry
• forest breeding
• seed orchard
• seed production