Structure and dynamics of stands of a primeval character in the ‘Dolina Łopusznej' nature reserve (Gorce National Park)
Results of measurements carried out in three sample plots in 1991 and 2001 are presented in this paper. During the control period, stand volume in the Łopuszna I plot increased from 605 to 642 m3/ha, while the volume percentage of European fir slightly decreased (from 9.3 to 8.1%), and that of European beech increased. The stand maintained its features of the growing up stage, the selection forest phase. In both remaining Łopuszna II and III plots, stand volume decreased from 688 to 602 m3/ha, and from 755 to 714 m3/ha, respectively, while percentage of fir increased from 20.3 to 23.7%, and from 11.5 to 12.7%, respectively. In the Łopuszna II plot the stand transformed from the optimum stage, the aging and regeneration phases to the intensive break up stage and the advanced regeneration phase, while in the Łopuszna III plot from the optimum stage with symptoms of the aging phase to the break up stage and the regeneration phase. In spite of beech domination, a considerable abundance of young natural regeneration of fir, as well as its undergrowth from above 50 cm in height to 5.9 cm in dbh, and its percentage in the lower storey, indicate a possibility of maintaining the presence of fir in species composition of the stand.
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