Risk assessment of air pollution impacts on spruce forests in the Silesian Beskid Mountains
Spruce forest condition in the Silesian Beskid Mts. was evaluated on the basis of soil and foliar chemistry data. The results of investigation imply that observed nutritional imbalance in trees, as well as acute deficiencies of Ca and Mg are related to air pollution effects. The values of calculated risk index (R.I.) for the examined plots were found to be similar to those noted in severely damaged spruce stands in Europe
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