Strategie obronne roślin drzewiastych przed szkodliwymi owadami

Autorzy

• Henryk Malinowski Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa w Warszawie, Zakład Ochrony Lasu
  Sękocin-Las, 05-090 Raszyn
  e-mail: H.Malinowski@ibles.waw.pl

Abstrakt

As a result of the long co-evolution of plants and insects, plants have created different defensive strategies which protect them against harmful insects or allow them to regenerate damage. The defensive strategies of woody plants depend on their physical and chemical properties. The important physical properties include: height and shape of plants, their crowns, size and colour of leaves, growth of hair, needles, wax coating, and others. However, the most important are chemical properties.
The defensive chemical properties of trees developed as a result of insect feeding are as follow:
– diminishing of nutrients (primary metabolites) content,
– production of specific proteins acting as the inhibitors of enzymes that hydrolyze plant proteins,
– production of secondary metabolites which are able to modify negatively the behavior and development of insects, such as phenolic compounds, tannins and others,
– differentiation of the chemical composition of leaves,
– production of insect hormones (juvenile and moulting hormones),
– production of insect pheromones,
– releasing of specific compounds to attract parasitoids or to inform other trees about the appearance of harmful insects.

Słowa kluczowe

• pest insect attack
• primary metabolites
• secondary metabolites
• protease inhibitors