Molecular markers (RAPD, SSR, PCR-RFLP and STS) in forest-tree genetics, entomology, phytopathology and game management
Molecular markers (RAPD, SSR, PCR-RFLP and STS) are commonly used tools in modern population-genetics. They are very useful in genetic pool conservation and biodiversity maintenance in forest ecosystems concerning populations of forest trees, insects, fungi and animals.
Based mostly on PCR reaction, the molecular markers may reveal the complexity and polymorphism of the DNA structure at the nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast level. First of all, they are commonly used in order to assess the genetic diversity level within and among populations of a given species. The RAPD and SSR markers help a lot in taxonomic identification of organisms, especially when the morphological traits are useless or difficult to measure. The PCR-RFLP and STS markers are the best tool to study kinship and phylogeny among individuals and among species populations. Moreover, these markers are very suitable to the study of population dynamic, via gene flow and phylogeography. Numerous examples of RAPD, SSR, PCR-RFLP and STS application in forest tree genetics, entomology, phytopathology and game management are given.
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